Thursday, July 5, 2007

Cny Speech Sample By Ceo

Silicification (Silifikation)

(c) Rachaimer
Riffschutt (Brachyopoden) silicified
Rotensohl (HDH) 1984
Tithonian
collection georolf


Sun enlarged


(c) Rachaimer
Coral , silicified
Nattheim 1980
collection georolf


(c) Rachaimer
Feuerstein
disc chalk
complaints
collection georolf

One of the possible states of preservation of fossils is the silicification (Silifikation), not to verwechseln mit der Verkiesung (Pyritisierung). Bei der Verkieselung ersetzt Kiselsäure (Siliziumdioxyd-Hydrat, amorphe Kieselsäure, als Konkretion auch als Feuerstein bezeichnet) die eigentliche Substanz des Fossils. Dies kann nicht nur bei tierischen, meist kalkigen Hartteilen geschehen, sondern es können auch Hölzer verkieselt werden (Petrified Forrest in Arizona). Bei der Verkieselung können sehr feine Details erhalten werden. Auch auf die Präparation wirkt sich die Verkieselung günstig aus, wenn das Fossil in säurelöslichem Kalk vorliegt: Kieselsäure ist gegen Säuren beständig, wird allerdings von Alkalien angegriffen.
Bei der Verkieselung wird während der Diagenese z. B. die Kalksubstanz eines Gehäuses durch Kieselsäure verdrängt, die meist aus Schwammnadeln von Kieselschwämmen stammt und durch zirkulierende Lösungen transportiert wird. Dort wo diese Lösungen zutreten, können sich ringförmige Strukturen, die sog. "Silifikationsringe" bilden (s. Bild: Ausschnittsvergrößerung).
Berühmt sind die "Nattheimer Korallen" für ihre Verkieselung und die damit mögliche Präparation mit ca. 10%iger Salzsäure (oder besser noch Essig- oder Chloressigsäure).
Wichtig ist, dass diese chemische Präparation in Stärke und Geschwindigkeit dem Verkieselungsgrad angepasst wird. Kompakte, gut verekieselte Fossilien können kräftig geätzt werden, feine, hardly silicified fossils are very careful. Here are
protect their freigeätzen parts with wax. This wax can then concludes, "rendered" to be in hot water (and you have to water more thoroughly). The liquid wax then collects at the water surface and can be removed after cooling.

Sunday, April 15, 2007

Kate's Playground German Music

Aktuopaläontologische viewing


(c) Rachaimer
bird mummy
Portiragnes France

The bird pictured above mummy I found on the banks of a dried-up Etangs Pentecost 2006. It shows typical characteristics, as well can be seen in some vertebrate fossils, especially crocodiles (Stenosaurus) or pterodactyls: shorten
By drying the tendons, so that the neck bend back in typical fashion. By drying and salt intake, the meat is partially preserved, so that in case of rapid covering by sediment a "soft tissue preservation" would be possible. The bones are still largely in the association, although not in "live" position. The trachea is separated out, opens the body cavity. If you get it with that of the Archaeopterix or Stenosaurusskeletts of wood grubs (the State Museum Stuttgart) as compared, one finds man deutliche Parallelen.

Sunday, April 1, 2007

How To Get Leona Lewiscrystal Gown Replica

travertine

(c) Rachaimer
Kalksinter

(c) Rachaimer
Kesselsteinbildung
Wasserboiler

Im ersten Bild wird Kalksinter in einer Höhle gezeigt. Durch Abgabe von Kohlenstoff(IV)oxid (CO 2 ) an die Höhlenluft scheidet das sehr harte, d.h. kalkhaltige Karstwasser Kalk ab. Es bilden sich kleine Sinterwannen, die durch Sinterleisten getrennt sind, in sich wiederholender ähnlicher Anordnung.
Im unteren Bild ist die Kalkabscheidung "im Eilzugtempo" durch das Erhitzen von hartem, sehr hard water shown. By heating the water, the solubility of carbon (IV) oxidgases reduced, so it must come to the lime deposits. Scale disturbs the heat transfer, resulting in excessive energy consumption and wear.
leads in both cases, the disturbance of water located in the Carbonatgleichgewicht by removal of carbon (IV) oxide for lime deposits. This is the reverse of the Verkarstungsvorgangs.

Saturday, March 24, 2007

Bam Margera Left Side Tattoo

weathering

(c) Rachaimer
sandstone sculpture
Strasbourg Cathedral

The red Vosges sandstone (Main Buntsandstein) is strongly affected by weathering. Particularly acidic flue gases (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides), salts, organic acids, but also make carbon dioxide to create the porous sandstone. With acids and salts laden rain water penetrates into the sandstone and destroyed the one hand, the binder, on the other hand, it leads to capillary migration of salt solutions to the outside when the stone dries. Evaporates the water remains behind the salts, which may cause the crystallization to blow up the rock.
added In the example shown here, lost the sandstone inside its strength by the destruction of the iron-containing binder, but except of a crust has formed, which is partially detached. Brown patina on the statue is due to dirt and iron oxide Hydra Tabla Gerung.

Literature:
D IETMAR R sheering :
stone customer
An introduction for engineers, architects, preservationists and stonemasons
Enke Verlag Stuttgart 1991

Tuesday, March 13, 2007

What Companies Make Tripods

Vanadinite

(c) Rachaimer
Vanadinite
Morocco
collection georolf

Vanadinite is a chloride-containing Pb Bleivanadat 5 [Cl / (VO 4 ) 3]. Additions of phosphorus and arsenic are also possible.
mineral yellow, brown, orange, white line, almost opaque, diamond and greasy, H 3, D 6.7 -7.1.
Occurrence: oxidation zone of lead / zinc deposits, especially in the limestone. Important Vanadium ores.

Literature:
HJ R ÖSLER : Textbook of Mineralogy
VEB German publisher for basic industries
first Ed Leipzig 1979

Thursday, March 8, 2007

What Companies Make Tripods?

Ätzwannen

(c) Rachaimer
Ätzwannen and carts
Haute Provence 1990

These are forms of corrosion on the bare chalk. The storm water run off has the bare rock surface is etched and gutter carts (First carts) was formed. In addition, the rocks were literally etched wells of several dm size. In these wells has been caught in places, pine litter.
carts caused by dissolution of limestone (karst) and are among the primary karst forms. The process of karstification is because the limestone by carbon (IV) oxide-rich water into the ten times more soluble calcium bicarbonate is converted.

Literature:

H Erbert L OUIS
General geomorphology
textbook of general geography
vol.1 third On. Berlin 1968

Tuesday, March 6, 2007

Scripture Tote From Placemat

Dactylioceraten and carts of the Lower Toarcian oil shale

(c) Rachaimer
Dactylioceras sp.
Unteres Toarcium
Dotternhausen 1975
Sammlung georolf

(c) Rachaimer
Dactylioceras sp.
Unteres Toarcium
Schlaifhausen (Franken)
Sammlung georolf
(c) Rachaimer
Dactylioceras sp.
Unteres Toarcium
Dotternhausen
Schrägeinbettung
Sammlung georolf

(c) Rachaimer
Dactylioceras sp
Lower Toarcian
Dotternhausen
food residue collection


an important and key in the Lower Toarcian ammonites georolf genus is the genus Dactylioceras . It even speaks of Dactylioceratenschichten.

The top image shows such ammonites, as occurs normally in the feinlaminierten, bituminous Tonmergelfazies the Lower Toarcian. The ammonite is - has been embedded - lying flat on the sediment. When compaction and dewatering of the original clay slurry which took place in the course of diagenesis, the volume to about 5% of the original volume was compressed. The case is therefore completely flattened and dissolved away the calcareous shell. It is only a thin skin of Conchyolin and pyrite obtained.

In the second image of a physically intact Dactylioceras Franken is shown. It is in the rock around a Schaumkalk. The fossils are preserved as casts.

The condition is so heavily dependent on the nature of the sediment in which the fossil is embedded.

In the third image is the front for the "oil shale" of the Lower Toarcian typical condition. The embedding location is very unusual: The ammonite and declining to the sea bed diagonally in the sediment stuck and was so embedded. Due to the compaction of the case has been strongly sheared.

Im vierten Bild ist die Schale eines Dactylioceraten stückweise eingelagert. Es handelt sich um einen Fraßrest: Ein Fisch oder Saurier hat einen Dactylioceraten gefressen, indem er das Gehäuse zerknackte und die Weichteile verschlang. Die Scherben des Gehäuses wurden deshalb zerstreut.
Da es am Grund des "Ölschiefermeeres" kaum Bodenleben gab (Sauerstoffmangel), handelt es sich um Reste, die aus dem oxischen Bereich stammen. Hätte z.B. ein Krebs einen solchen Ammoniten gefressen, so wäre die Schale nicht zerknackt, sondern regelrecht aufgeschnitten. Solche Stücke sind bekannt.

Literatur:

G EYER , G WINNER :
Einführung in the geology of Baden-Württemberg
Hense, Stuttgart
first Ed in 1964

F LEISSNER , R ÖDIGER :
The eternal sea
Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung
Stuttgart 1984

R S UDOLF CHLEGELMILCH :
The Lias ammonites of southern
Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart
1976

oral as well. Information from the Geol-pal. Taxidermist F RITZ L ÖRCHER

Monday, March 5, 2007

Pinewood Derby Template Blog

stylolites

(c) Rachaimer
stylolites
lime of Oxford
Ortenberg / Deilingen
collection georolf

stylolites formed by chemical dissolution of the solid limestone by pressure solution. The clay residue solution forms a thin membrane that separates the rock in peg-like structures. Vertikalstylolithen interlocking layers together. In the bevel of the cross section through the jagged stylolites show strong, almost fractal lines, known for its similarity to the cranial sutures (sutures) as Drucksuturen. Beautiful to see this often in the "Jura marble from the one window sills made. G EORG W AGNER has described the formation of the stylolites beautiful.

Literature:

W AGNER , G.: Introduction to Earth and Landscape History 2 with particular reference to southwestern Germany
Ed Öhringen 1950

M URAWSKI , H.: Geology Dictionary
6th erg and ext. Ed Enke Stuttgart 1972

E. Coli Cells Grown In 15n Medium




(c) Rachaimer
oil shale weathered
reservoir Schömberg
Fuji Finepix A 210

The "oil shale "is actually a feinlaminiertes bituminous Tonmergelgestein. Stratigraphisch gehört es zum Toarcium (Lias epsilon).

Es verwittert an der Erdoberfläche über verschiedene Zwischenstadien:

Zuerst wird der an sich recht feste Schiefer durch Oxidation und Hydration aufgelockert. Seine ursprünglich grauschwarze Farbe (durch Kerogen und Pyrit) wird deutlich heller. Er verändert sich zu einem Material, wie auf den Bildern zu sehen ist, das sich wie feuchte Kartonlagen verhält: es biegt sich unter Belastung durch und verliert dabei manchmal die ursprünglich horizontale Lagerung. Die Franzosen bezeichnen solche Schichten, die auch in den Cevennen (z.B. Truc de Balduc) vorkommenden laminierten bituminösen Tonmergel (unteres Toarcium) als "shistes "Carton.
The slate is divided into fine flakes that are used in further weathering by hydration and the formation of new clay minerals transformed into a heavy, rich clay. The resulting clay soils are used mostly to agriculture (eg Dormettingen or suffering rings).

Saturday, March 3, 2007

How To Put On A Bandana Scarf?

jet

(c) Rachaimer
jet
Toarcian
Dotternhausen
collection georolf

jet (jet) is a Pechkohlenart which may be incurred under anaerob conditions of driftwood.
In WHILE Liasmeer was the Lower Toarcian (Lias epsilon) driftwood abgelagert, welches vom nahen Festland stammte, und unter Luftabschluss zu Pechkohle (Gagat) umgewandelt. Am Grunde dieses Meeres herrschten anaerobe bis disaerobe Verhältnisse, sodass die organische Substanz nicht mineralisiert wurde, sondern sich in Form von Kohle erhielt, die einen hohen Anteil an flüchtigen Bestandteilen aufweist. Beim Inkohlungsprozess kam es zum Schwund. Die entstehenden Schwundrisse wurden durch helle Mineralien (Calcit, Baryt) verfüllt.
Gagat zeigt im Anschliff ein warmes, leicht bräunliches Schwarz. In England wurde er unter dem Namen Jett zu Schmuck verarbeitet. Die besten Qualitäten kamen aus Wittby in Yorkshire.

Prähistorische Verarbeitung von Gagat ist belegt, in der Bronzezeit wurden Ornaments made from it, and in Roman letters it is mentioned.
made In the Middle Ages it crosses and rosaries. In the Elizabethan and Victorian times Jettschmuck was very popular.

Literature: beyars.com

Saturday, February 24, 2007

How Many Calories In A Bowl Of Ham And Bean Soup

dolines and sinkholes, typical karst limestone formation

( c) Rachaimer
sinkhole at Gruol

, tackling the underground upcoming Muschelkalk formed a sinkhole. The upcoming lower Keuper (Latvians Keuper) fell with one, so that a Hohform emerged, known as a sinkhole.

(c) Rachaimer
Doline im Längsschnitt
Heidenheim Schnaitheim
Moldenberg 1981 (ND)

Es handelt sich um eine Lösungsdoline, die dadurch entstand, dass Oberflächenwasser im wasserwegsamen Untergrund im Kalk versank (häufig an einem Kluftkreuz). Dabei kam es zur Lösung des Kalks und Lösungsrückstände (tonig-lehmig) blieben übrig. Diese sammelten sich in der sich bildenden Doline und speicherten Feuchtigkeit, sodass sich durch die dadurch verstärkte Kalklösung allmählich einen Trichter bildete, der sich mit eingeschwemmtem Lösungsrückstand teilweise füllte. Die Doline entwässerte nach unten ins Karstgefäß.
Auf dem Bild, das einen Längsschnitt durch eine Lösungsdoline zeigt sieht man die Trichterform, sowie das gebildete und eingeschwemmte tonig-lehmige Material. Die starke Zerklüftung des Kalks direkt im unteren Bereich der Doline machte den Kalk wasserwegsam ließ einst das Wasser in den Untergrund abfließen.
Bei Steinbrucharbeiten wurde die Doline "halbiert". Im aufgelassenen Steinbruch ist sie als Naturdenkmal geschützt. (Heidenheim Schnaitheim am Moldenberg, ehem. Steinbruch Kraft)

Monday, February 5, 2007

Can You Wear Brown Boots With Black Hat



(c) Rachaimer
Blumenkohlsinter
Sardinien
Sammlung georolf

(c) Rachaimer
stalactite formation

If a dry cave system is wholly or partially, so it comes to the limestone formation when exiting through ceiling cracks kalkgesättigtes karst water. By release of carbon dioxide to the cave air is exceeded the solubility of calcium carbonate and calcium deposits out.
A similar process is observed in the kettle when hard water is heated, leading to the lime deposits (in this case "scale considered).
out in caves, the slow but steady lime deposits in the formation of stalactites. Ceiling speleothems (stalactites) usually have an inner, more or less fine Kalnal, through which water seeps, and, starting from calcite or aragonite crystals radiating.
stalactites have a large variety of shapes: thin "Macaroni" can be thousands hanging from cave roof, "normal" drip stones are common, but very seldom are Excentriques that grow in part to the crystal orientation of calcite or aragonite, in part, appear totally confused. Cauliflower-like structure (cauliflower Inter) also occur. If
unite the ceiling stalactites with their ground against growing stalactites (stalagmites), formed limestone pillars.

Formation of the speleothems takes a lange, sodass ein Tropfstein viele Jahrtausende alt sein kann. Auch unter Betonbrücken oder in Betonabwasser- oder Kabelkanälen kann man manchmal die Bildung von "Makkaroni" oder Sinter beobachten, wenn man das Alter dieser Bauwerke kennt, kann man die Wachstumsrate dieser "Tropfsteine" abschätzen.

Schauhöhlen und andere geologische Denkmale finden Sie für Baden-Württemberg in:

T HOMAS H UTH : Erlebnis Geologie
Besucherbergwerke, Höhlen, Museen, Lehrpfade in Bden-Württemberg
LRGB Baden-Württemberg Freiburg 2002
ISBN 3-00-009566-7

Monday, January 29, 2007

Interracial Couples Art

Kalksinterbildung

(c) Rachaimer
willow leaves in Holocene tufa

For. georolf unknown
collection

(c) Rachaimer
channel in tufa
Dießen 2006


(c) Rachaimer
travertine or Kalktuffbildung Dießen 2006

travertine Karst is formed from waters that have a high content of dissolved calcium bicarbonate. The deposition of calcium in the form of travertine (or tuff) is the reverse of the process of Karstification.
The karstification dissolves calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) in the presence of carbon (IV) oxide and water (carbonic acid) and calcium bicarbonate (Ca (HCO 3 ) 2), which is about 10 times as soluble in water. This process can be described with the mass action law, if a solution equilibrium is established.
kick out of such kalkgesättigtes water can thus by removing carbon (IV) oxide - either Duch release to the air or by uptake by plants (especially mosses and algae) - the balance is so disturbed, that lime precipitates. It is formed travertine or tufa, a cavity interspersed Limestone, which is often still visible plant residues (leaves shown) or snail shells, etc. contains. The highly porous rocks can be wet in mountain work well (saw), is dry but a good and a heat-insulating building block. In this he was often used.

The lime deposits on the edge or in places where water flows quickly (turbulence) and least (Fig.).
Thus arise in whole Tuffriegel valleys and over a perennial stream Tuffschwellen. In extreme cases, it may form a constantly-training falls occur (Urach waterfall). In
Dießen has in the course of the brook a trough formed of tuff, which rises about 60 cm above the surrounding level (Fig.). The brook flows not at the lowest point! (See Damm shore flow)
The valley is sealed off by a bolt out of tufa.

Diessen The valley is available as a natural monument conservation.

Monday, January 22, 2007

The County Doctor Handbook

corals in the Schwäbische Alb?

(c) Rachaimer
Thecosmilia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Oggenhausen R. Nattheim 1980
collection


georolf corals in the Swabian Jura?

In a few places in the Swabian Alb found unstratified sediments of the Upper Jurassic (Tithonian), the coral. A famous fossil locality is the area around Nattheim. The corals are silicified (silicified), ie, the originally composed of coral limestone floor was Kieselsäuelösungen that the diagenesis (hardening of the lime mud to limestone) circulated in the sediment, converted to silica. The dissolved silica comes from the spicules of siliceous sponges. When the coral is
it's hot-water corals, bear a relatively high salt content (about 40 °%), but to respond to low salt content is very sensitive. 18-36 ° warm, clear water, good light penetration und Durchlüftung dürften die notwendigen Lebensbedingungen gewesen sein.
Zusammen mit Schwämmen, Muscheln, Schnecken, Seeigeln, Bryozoen (Moostierchen) und Serpeln (Röhrenwürmern) bildeten sie die Lebensgemeinschaft kleiner Riffe (Bioherme). Ammoniten sind sehr selten.

Das Abbildung stellt ein Stück Riffschutt dar. Es sind Serpeln und weitere Korallenarten zusammen mit Thecosmilia sp. versteinert.
Mittels Salzsäure ließ sich das gut verkieselte Stück chemisch präparieren.

Lit.:
B. W. S ELLWOOD : Die Faunengemeinschaft kleiner Korallen/Algen-Riffstotzen
in:
W. S. M C K Errow : palaeoecology
Franckh'sche Kosmos Verlag Stuttgart 1981 action


EYER G / G WINNER: the Swabian Alps and their foothills
collection of geological Guide Vol 67 3 Ed
Gebr Borntraeger Verlag Berlin
Stuttgart 1984

Sunday, January 21, 2007

Fan Wedding Favor Saying

urchins Gymnocidaris

(c) Rachaimer
Gymnocidaris lestocquii (D Esor )
Oberkimeridgium
Oggenhausen 1980
collection georolf

Aboralansicht a slope regular sea urchin. Gymnocidariden are very rare. This piece was the silicified Highway construction (Oggenhausen close Nattheim) recovered almost completely covered by limestone, and etched with hydrochloric acid. This sea urchin was the occupant of fossil coral reefs. From the same reference also silicified corals have survived. The lower figure shows the structure of a recent Cidaris Cidaris (L OCCUPIED ) for comparison. georolf

(c) Rachaimer
Cidaris Cidaris (L OCCUPIED )
collection

echinoids (sea urchin) are among the Echinodermata (echinoderms). They usually have a rigid, more or less spherical or flattened body, the skeleton of different plates is composed (Corona). Some of these panels sit "warts", which sit on the sea urchin spines. In the regular echinoids is the side of the mouth (oral side) and below the anus (Aboralseite) above. They have almost a five-pointed symmetry. Cidaris has 5 Ambulakralfelder from which hydraulically "feet" and "tools" emerge, as well as 5 bestzte Interambulakralfelder with spines. A Interambulakralplatte carries a Primärwarze (PW), which is surrounded by ring warts (RW). On the head (KO) who was on the cone (KE) of the wart, sits the sting.
On the oral side is a masticatory apparatus (Aristotle's lantern). With the help of five-card sharp Teeth of sea urchins may graze the substrate on the seafloor. On the Aboralseite is the madreporite (a type of sieve), which connects to the water vascular system.

ref:
H ANS H ESS : fossil echinoderms of the Swiss Jura
Publications of the Natural History Museum Basel No. 8 1975